NEW PHENOLIC AND NANOMODIFIED PHENOLIC RESIN COMPOSITE SYSTEMS

摘要

As phenolic resins enter their second century of existence, they continue to be an important bonding agent for a diversity of uses encompassing the joining of metals, glass, wood, paper, rubber, and other substrates with favorable cost/performance characteristics that surpass most other polymeric resins. It is equally important as a resin matrix for fiber reinforced composites requiring fire, smoke, and toxicity (FST) characteristics in critical high performance areas such as aircraft interiors/panels, tunnel materials, offshore oilfield grating and deluge pipe, and fire safe components. Closely related phenolic materials such as benzoxazines (BZ) and cyanate esters (CE) are emerging as more desirable phenolic systems with favorable FST behavior, cure with little or no volatiles, are more versatile, but are more costly. The newly developed BZ based on a phenolic component, formaldehyde, and a primary amine, leads to a cyclic structure which ring opens on polymerization without catalyst or by-product emissions. BZ resins have properties that are not observed in phenolic resins like low water absorption, and stable, low dielectric properties. They are positioned for use in electronics and in FRP components where the RTM method is attractive. Numerous studies of nanomodification of phenolic resin systems (phenolic, BZ, and CE) are listed along with the method used to introduce selective nanoparticles and the resulting performance characteristics of the nanomodified phenolic resins. Both surface treated and functionalized nanoparticles are discussed. Various analytical and mechanical test methods are utilized to determine nanoparticle dispersion uniformity as well as diverse multifunctional features that emerge from nanomodification. A small number of nanomodified fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites are tabulated with the type of phenolic resin, nanoparticle, fiber type and improved application performance for the resulting nanomodified fiber reinforced polymer matrix composite.