THE PHENOMENON OF FORMATION OF THE HELICAL COUNTERFLOW MOTION OF GAS MEDIUMS AT VENTILATION OF LUNGS

摘要

Contradictions in traditional conception about ventilation of lungs are revealed. First, disagreement of gas composition of breathing air of known model of convective intermixing is established. Secondly, from positions of this model at the hypopnoe ventilation of the lungs is impossible when the respiratory volume is equal or less of dead space volume. In the article a new physical mechanism of ventilation of the lungs based on the helical countercurrent motion of gas mediums in tracheobronchial tree is considered. Therewith replacement of used air from alveoluses in the dead space of lungs occurs during the inspiration. During an inspiration replacement of gas volume is provided with that entering and leaving helical streams of gases spirally entwine each other. Existence of the phenomenon of formation of a helical countercurrent motion of the gas mediums predicted theoretically, is proved experimentally. It is proved theoretically and experimentally that known physical laws of mechanics of gaseous medium do not contradict an opportunity of existence of two inconvertible oppositely directed helical streams. It is realized under condition of equality of steps of their helical trajectories and presence of the strong mathematical connection of the step with radius of the channel ∧=2πR. On the basis of morphometry of tracheobronchial tree and the theoretical analysis, partition and confluence of contrary helical streams in nodes of branching of aeriferous channels is considered. It is shown, that irrespective of branching angles of bronchuses the cross-sectional area of the maternal channel is equal to sum of the cross-sectional areas of two daughter channels. Thus translational and rotary velocities are equal and constant in all channels, down to 12-th order of branching of bronchuses. Quantities of the specified velocities are determined by pressure gradient interlinked with tempo and depth of respiration. The new model of ventilation has appeared adequate to real indices of gas composition of breathing air. The obtained fundamental results have allowed to lay foundation of new technology of artificial ventilation of the lungs for anesthesiologias, reanimotologia and intensive care. In clinical conditions high efficiency and optimality of the suggested technology is achieved.