State of the art technology of direct reduction and smelting reduction of iron ores

摘要

Worldwide 902 mill, t of crude steel were produced in 2002 with an oxygen steelmaking share of 62 percent and an electric Steelmaking share of 34 percent. 1050 mill, t ferrous charge materials were processed of which hot metal amounted to 58.1 percent, scrap to 37.6 percent and DRl/HBSto4.3percent. The blast furnace cannot operate without coke for physical reasons. Therefore alternative iron ore reduction processes had been developed since the 1950ies, first the DRI processes which reduce iron ores only in the solid state to sponge iron (DRI) and later (in the 1980ies) so-called smelting reduction processes which reduce and melt iron ores to hot metal.