Investigations into intraocular Injection of Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator (rTPA) for the Treatment of Trauma-induced Intraocular Hemorrhages in Birds

摘要

Recent long term ophthalmoscopic studies indicate, that, especially in raptors, about one-third of avian patients with trauma have intraocular hemorrhages. Most commonly (>85%) these hemorrhages are located in the posterior eye segment, whereas less than 15% have hemorrhages in the anterior eye chamber (hyphema). Intravitreous hemorrhages most commonly (>80%) originate from the delicate pecten oculi, whereas choroidal, subretinal hemorrhages are far less frequent. Depending on the severity, resorption of hemorrhages may take up to 3 or 4 weeks with temporary formation of fibrin clots, which can be visualized ophthalmoscopically even after months. Delayed resorption of hemorrhages in birds may be related to low fibrinolytic activity compared to domestic mammals as demonstrated in earlier studies.