Economic openness, contingency leadership models, and the international competitiveness model in Egypt: Is there a link?

摘要

Egypt as one of the emerging economies has witnessed some economic changes and challenges translated through the economic reform program supported by the IMF. One of the outcomes of the changes was the increase in the degree of the openness in the economic arena. The paper investigates the link among the international competitiveness model, economic openness and the contingency leadership models in Egypt. In order to study such a relation The paper: (i) employs the international competitiveness model that links the international economic aspects with some managerial issues, (ii) discusses the contingency leadership models focusing on Fiedler model, path-goal theory, leader-participation model, situational leadership model, and (iii) measures the degree of openness in terms of the volume of international trade as a percent of GDP in Egypt. Then the paper highlights the most commonly applied leadership aspects in some companies in the industrial sector in Egypt. Finally the paper models that link among the mentioned variables, which suits the Egyptian economy better in the globalization era.