A review of some case studies indicates that granular soil can become unstable under a completely drained condition and instability can also occur for dilative sand. A laboratory study on the instability of dilative sand and the instability of sand under drained conditions was carried out. Some experimental data are presented. Classification of instability of sand into runaway and conditional instability is made. The differences between the two types of instability and the factors affecting the different types of instability are discussed. The practical implications of each type of instability are discussed.
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