Stable Isotope Geochemistry of Acid Mine Drainage -- Implications in the Assessment of Contaminant Sources at the Mt Morgan Minesite and the Dee River Catchment

摘要

The current study integrates hydrogeochemical and stable isotope results to investigate the sources and evolution of acid mine drainage at the historic Mount Morgan gold mine in Queensland, including the controlling factors and mechanisms of sulfate formation. The open pit and seepage sumps contain acid-sulfate waters and show elevated Al, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn values. Samples collected from the Dee River bordering the mine site are less acidic, with lower concentrations of dissolved metals that gradually attenuate downstream from the mine. Concentrated acid mine waters has lead to formation of efflorescences consisting mainly of hydrous Fe-sulfates. The results of the ongoing isotope analyses on water samples show distinctive grouping of the data. The range of the sulfur isotope values for dissolved sulfate in samples from the open pit and sumps (delta~(34)S = 2.1 to 3.0 per mil) are similar to those of sulfides in the Main Pipe mineralisation (delta~(34)S = - 0.2 to 2.8 per mil). The lack of fractionation between sulfides and sulfate indicates that intermediate oxidation states of sulfur are not significant and makes this technique a useful tracer to identify the sources of sulfate. The Dee River samples, on the other hand, have heavier sulfur isotopes (delta~(34)S = 2.8 to 5.0 per mil). These samples may contain dissolved sulfate from 'internal sources' in the river basin, show local bacterial reduction or indicate a simple mixing trend. Further isotope analyses including oxygen isotopes of dissolved sulfates will enhance the interpretations.