The ideal fiber-optic O-CDMA encoder/decoder technology should be able to simultaneously (a) select the desired optical bandwidth, i.e., the wavelength range of the coded signaling channel, e.g., 1500 nm to 1600 nm, to optimize efficient use of spectrum and power to match network load needs, (b) select the spectral location and number of processed channels in the wavelength spectrum, e.g., 100 channels, each with a 1 nm spectrum and a 1 nm equidistant channel spacing, to optimize crosstalk reduction, (c) select the optical power in each wavelength channel for calibration, equalization, and/or spectral shaping to account for spectral characteristics of other optical networking components, (d) select the number of replicas to be produced for each wavelength channel, i.e., the number of time delayed versions of a given wavelength channel in order to improve code weight and hence network Bit Error Rate (BER), (e) select the optical power in each of the time delayed replicas of the wavelength channel so as to preserve code orthogonality and reduce erroneous bit detection and (f) select the value of the time delays for each of the replicas of the wavelength channel across all wavelength channels in order to match code weight and data bit rate requirements. Time delays can range from several nanoseconds to sub-picoseconds and less. In addition, this ideal fiber-optic encoder/decoder technology should have the capability to be used with (a) Both incoherent processing-based 0-CDMA and coherent ultrafast short-pulse based O-CDMA techniques for data transmission and (b) Free-space communications 0-CDMA techniques such as Spatial CDMA and (c) be Modular in design to easily upgrade code/user numbers and code weights.
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