Effectiveness and Applicability of Technical Measures in Bycatch Management

摘要

Discarding is a significant component of the mortality for many commercial and noncommercial species. Technical measures such as minimum mesh and landing size restrictions play a potentially important role in reducing discards. Very little scientificanalysis, however, exists about the efficiency of technical measures in attaining management objectives. This paper reviews results of a study where the applicability and effectiveness of technical measures in some selected European fisheries were evaluated. The results indicate that regulatory-induced discards dominate in many fisheries, although discards are caused by a multitude of other factors as well. Technical measures are often used in conjunction with other management measures. This greatly complicates the analysis. Moreover, measures are often enforced and monitored inconsistently. Technical measures are by nature long-term management measures (i.e., long-term gains are assumed when enforcing such measures). Substantial short-term economic losses, however, are often associated with their use. The major conclusion of this study was that if short-term effects are not addressed, the assumed long-term gains may not be realized. The success in trying to implement more selective fishing gears andpractices will ultimately depend on the economic forces to which fishermen are subjected. Proper management stimulates the voluntary use of effective bycatch reduction practices by creating economic incentives. It is notable that the fishing industry has played a crucial role in the development and implementation of most of the approaches that have been successful.