Safety evaluation of a modified live pseudorabies virus vaccine administered using a needle-free, transdermal injection device

摘要

Pork carcass defects from intramuscular injections and residual needle fragments are a major problem in the pork industry. Needle fragments are a major concern for packing plants that slaughter adult swine. Needle-free, transdermal jet injection devices present a potentially less hazardous alternative to traditional injection by hypodermic needle.