Non-CO_2 Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Agricultural Sector in Russia

摘要

Anthropogenic emissions of methane (CH_4) and nitrous oxide (N_2O) in agriculture of Russian Federation are considered for the period from 1990 to 1999. Domestic livestock and rice cultivation are the sources of CH_4. In 1990, its release to the atmosphere was 5010 Gg. In 1999, it dropped to 2420 Gg. Enteric fermentation gives the major contribution to CH_4 emissions (87%). N_2O emission from agricultural soils was estimated from the input of fertilizer nitrogen (N), biological N fixation, and decomposition of crop residues. N_2O emissions from nitrogen fertilizer input and manure nitrogen were calculated based on country-specific emission factors for major types of cultivated soils and data on N content in animal waste. Crop residues are the main N_2O source in national agriculture. Calculations made with the use of national activity data, show that in 1990 and 1999 they contributed respectively to 30 and 56%% of sectoral emissions. In 1990, total anthropogenic N_2O emission from national agriculture was 280 Gg. In 1999, it dropped to 30% of the 1990 level (88 Gg). The decrease in CH_4 and N_2O emissions is mainly caused by reduction in number of agricultural animals and poultry and decreased fertilizer use in the country.