Optimization of the graduates labour market: dynamic modeling, Russian and foreign experience

摘要

The article substantiates the relevance and importance of constructing a model for optimizing the structure of graduate training and output by universities to meet the labour market needs, and presents a review of the literature focused on this issue. In addition, the authors examine the two existing approaches to determining the tools for achieving balance in the labour market: econometric, whereby the main criterion for assessing the quality of equilibrium is the wage level, and dynamic models. The authors present their own approach to constructing an optimization deterministic dynamic model that does not require knowing the probability characteristics of the process under consideration. The proposed solution is constructed using a deterministic approach in which the following vectors are formed: the phase vector, whose coordinates are the values of the parameters describing the training process in higher education institutions at a certain fixed point in time; the controlling action vector (control vector) that allows influencing (by means of funding, the school-leaving exam score required for admission and other parameters) the structure, volume and quality of university training on various degree courses (educational programs), as well as the corresponding deterministic restrictions. The construction of the optimisation model is realised in two stages. At the first stage, a discrete dynamic model is formed that describes the influence of the control vector on the parameters of the system parameters phase vector. At the second stage, restrictions are formed on the parameters of the mathematical model that take into account the labour market demand for university graduates, and the quality criteria (functionals) that allow evaluating the process under consideration at a set final point in time.