Japanese learners of English incorrectly 'passivize' unaccusative verbs as in "The moon was appeared last night", but not unergative verbs as in "John was laughed". The L1 transfer account based on the perfective auxiliary selection be/have is impossible since Modern Japanese does not make such an auxiliary selection between unaccusatives and unergatives. The fact that the unaccusative passive is ungrammatical both in English and Japanese precludes the L1 and L2 input as the possible source of this construction.
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