AQUACULTURE IN SOUTH SULAWESI: PRESENT STATUS

摘要

To develop fisheries programs in South Sulawesi Province, emphasis has been put on sustainable production, business guidance, conservation of fisheries resources and development of agribusiness and agroindustry by training. These development programs for the utilization of fisheries resources have three dimensions, a) deep sea fisheries (focusing on Scombrids fisheries), b) coastal area fisheries (brackishwater ponds, seaweed and coral reef fish aquaculture) and c) inland fisheries (freshwater aquaculture, including the utilization of lakes, rivers and swamps). Of the last two, coastal area fisheries are the most common among farmers in South Sulawesi, especially those known as tambak aquaculture (brackishwater ponds). Policies for tambak aquaculture development have recently focused on two main programs, 1) increasing the intensification quality, particularly on tambaks which have been cultivated and 2) extension and rehabilition programs in areas having development potential. Tambak aquaculture has been used by the people of South Sulawesi for more than two hundred years. These brackishwater ponds have been utilized for the cultivation of prawns, milkfish, mangrove crabs, seaweeds, red tilapia, seabream and grouper (the cultivation of white seabream is still in the early stage). Until the first half of 1996, the area of tambak cultivation totaled 85,084 ha, whilst the total production of tambak in 1995 was 81,499 ton involving 76,200 farmers. Despite the tambak development program involving 14 regencies in South Sulawesi (out of 24 regencies/districts in total), the main constraints for the success of the program are: uncontrolled water salinity and temperature during the dry season, poor seed quality, disease outbreaks, sedimentation/and siltation which decrease sea water influx, and limited capital. Lastly, of the freshwater ponds and integrated paddy-field cultivation, production mainly for the domestic/local market with total finfish (mainly common carp and tilapia) was slightly over 2,500 ton in 1995 of total area of cultivation of 7,000 ha, involving 11,910 farmers.