In recent years, the research in the fields of quantum computing, quantum communication and quantum precisionmeasurement has set off the "second quantum revolution" and become an international hotspot. Background cold atomicvapor density is an important parameter in the vacuum systems. At present, the methods of measuring atomic vapor densityinclude absorption line method and fluorescence method. However, for the negative exponential relation between theatomic vapor density and the measurement results of the existing methods, it is impossible to accurately measure the lowdensityatomic vapor. Therefore, based on the principle of magneto-optical Effect and coherence detection, we propose amethod to measure the atomic vapor density of rarefied alkali metals. Taking ~(87)Rb atom as an example, under differenttemperature and pressure conditions, the final measured atomic vapor density range is 1.47 × 10~(12)～5.66 × 1013 m−3.The accuracy of this method is about 3~4 orders of magnitude higher than the existing method. The method effectivelysolves the measurement problem of low-density atomic vapor.
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