Building a Path Toward Ubiquitous Plug-in Vehicle Charging Infrastructure

摘要

Most electric and plug-in hybrid vehicle energy needs can be met with Level 1 charging. This level requires only conventional single-phase outlets. Safety protection, metering, communication, billing, and other functions can be supported by a car to turn a “dumb” single-phase outlet into intelligent vehicle charging infrastructure. Some of the considerations and strategies linked to this process are described. Operating scenario examples linked to vehicles are presented. Grid support capabilities and standards issues are presented. The ability to use conventional outlets has the potential to make electric vehicle charging infrastructure ubiquitous, with expansion at a fraction of anticipated costs.