How is design organized? A preliminary study of spatiotemporal organization in engineering design

摘要

Design is widely considered to be the central or distinguishing activity of engineering and yet it remains an insufficiently researched and understood topic. From the perspective of engineering education, where a "disconnect" between professional engineering practices and university-based practices is an oft-discussed limitation, the sparseness of research on professional engineering design is noteworthy. Specific representations of real engineering practices are necessary to inform attempts to prepare future engineers. The present study attends to the location of engineering design in different organizational settings, as a way of examining the nature of purported "disconnects" between professional engineering design practices and those taking place in the undergraduate curriculum. Our core methodology is that of cognitive ethnography, which examines how cognitive tasks, in our case design, are accomplished within "functional systems" constituted of heterogeneous elements, both human and nonhuman. Our focus is on "how the work of the organization" gets done through the process of design. This work in progress (WIP) paper explores the spatiotemporal organization of activity as a key aspect of the situatedness and heterogeneity of design work, and reports preliminary findings regarding important differences in how design is organized in different design settings.