In recent 10 years, several accident cases and theories showed that soil distribution around the shield tunnel has direct or indirect impact on the failure models of tunnel segment structure. In this paper, a 1:38.75 ration physical model test is developed and carried out to clarify the impact of the soil variation on the mechanical behaviors of the tunnel segment structure. Some conclusions are put forward that soil variation does have an influence on the structure, but with different grades in different places of the segment structure. The value of displacement, bending moment of the segment structure located in the variation area increase dramatically, and the extremum points move to side of the varied soil in the structure. However, the structure located in the unvaried region remains almost the same status as that in the green field.
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