Hardware-In-the-Loop Simulation of DC Microgrid with Multi-Agent System for Emergency Demand Response

摘要

This paper presents the real-time hardware-in-theloop simulation (HILS) of DC microgrids containing multiple distributed resources (DRs) such as a battery energy storage system, a small distributed generator and a smart DC load. The power grid and the DRs are developed in the real-time simulation software, specifically Opal-RT RT-LAB software. The controllers of the DRs are developed as hardware devices using AVR microcontroller named as ATMega-128. The simulation model and hardware devices are integrated in the HILS framework. Each controller of the DRs acts as an intelligent agent that can communicate and cooperate with the coordinator and other agents. Emergency demand response problems are applied to the HILS setup for the performance verification.