Feasibility Study of Distributed and Central Hydrogen Production and Supply in Tokyo Area

摘要

We present the results of a feasibility study on the production and delivery of hydrogen in Tokyo area in the early stages of mass roll-out of FCVs. The study compares "distributed" production, based on on-site membrane reformer (MRF) technology, with "central" production, based on central manufacturing (SMR) and liquefaction integrated with an LNG regasification terminal.We fount that in view of delivered cost and total CO_2 emissions the two modes of hydrogen production and delivery perform quite similarly. In both cases the CO_2 emissions over the whole process of production and delivery are around 11.6 kg CO_2 per kg of H_2 while the cost - under specified energy price and financial assumptions - is 5.5-6 $/kg. But while overall figures are similar, the breakdown of both cost and emissions is very different, leading to different sensitivities to the uncertainties in financial and other premises, and in different strengths and weaknesses.For the central production complex, we have considered the possibility to capture 90% of the CO_2 from the SMR flue gas, and the sequestration thereof. Although capturing can decrease the CO_2 emission to 5.4 kg CO_2 per kg of H_2, the sub-surface storage of CO_2 presents a difficult case as a consequence of Japan's geology. The total carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) cost could add between 1 and 2 $/kg of H_2, depending on the fraction of CO_2 captured and on the method of sequestration.