This paper addresses the problems associated with implementing and maintaining effective teamwork processes in military distributed and ad-hoc teams. Critical areas identified include, communication, situation awareness, leadership, core teamwork behaviours and training. These issues are illustrated using evidence recently gathered from questionnaires and interviews targeted at military personnel with experience of operating in these team settings. Conclusions drawn from this study have been used to scope and direct training and technology support imperatives to reduce the negative impact of such problems. For example, a teamwork guide for leaders has been developed to support effective team performance in distributed and ad-hoc settings.
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