Abstract: A simple analytical solution for reflectance at the sea surface is presented. The form of this analytical solution is similar to many earlier solutions, in that reflectance depends on the ratio of b$-b$/ to (a $PLU b$-b$/). But it brings out explicitly the role of the zenith angular distribution of the underwater light field in modifying reflectance, through the quantities $mu$-d$/ and $mu$-u$/, which determine the mean path lengths of downwelling and upwelling photons, respectively, per unit vertical excursion. The solution also shows that reflectance depends on the shape of the phase function for scattering. The analytic solution is compared with the results of Monte Carlo simulations to establish its limits of applicability. Limitations of the model when multiple-scattering effects become important, and some possible modifications to the model to deal with such cases, are discussed. !18
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机译：摘要：提出了一种简单的海面反射率解析解决方案。该分析解决方案的形式与许多早期解决方案类似，因为反射率取决于b $ -b $ /与（a $ PLU b $ -b $ /）的比率。但是它通过量$ mu $ -d $ /和$ mu $ -u $ /明确了水下光场的天顶角分布在改变反射率中的作用，这些量决定了下降和上升的平均路径长度光子每单位垂直偏移。该解决方案还表明，反射率取决于散射的相位函数的形状。将解析解与蒙特卡洛模拟的结果进行比较，以确定其适用范围。讨论了当多重散射效应变得重要时模型的局限性，并讨论了对模型的一些可能修改以应对此类情况。 ！18
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