SMALL ARMS SURFACE DANGER ZONES—RICOCHET ANALYSIS FOR A PROBABILITY BASED ON COMPUTATION METHODOLOGY

摘要

In order to optimize the dimensions of the danger zones of small arms, a probability basedmethodology for computing flat-fire small arms SDZs was adopted. The computationalmodel includes system and aiming errors, free flight trajectory simulations, ricochetdynamics and fragmentation. A live firing test was carried out on the two bullet types forthree impact angles and two muzzle velocities. In order to reduce the cost of live firericochet tests and the large amount of empirical data which must be gathered and analyzed,a finite elemet numerical solution of the bullet impact process was developed. The LS-Dynahydrodynamic code was used for analyzing the large deformation response of the 0.338"sniper bullet's structure. The main purpose of the numerical analysis was to examine thevarious impact parameters of the ricochet, i.e. impact velocity, angular velocity (spin)reduction and the critical angle for penetration or fragmentation, and to understand the effectof the impacted surface's properties on the ricochet behavior.