1. Introduction of FR/TR measurements while cycling in operando makes complex cell parameter tests possible2. Complex cell parameter tests with varying conditions could reveal more subtle properties of secondary batteries and thus open up a new methodology of cell analysis3. Instead of time-consuming FR measurements (EIS), the more rapid TR measurements seem to show similar results to those of FR4. If possible, replacing FR with TR leads to a more time-efficient cell testing (eg. SOH)5. It is also possible that TR reveals even more information about the cell properties than FR6. All cell test parameters can be analyzed using big data analysis techniques that could lead to a precise prediction of cell performance status.
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