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LEARNING CONTRACTING NONLINEAR DYNAMICS FROM HUMAN DEMONSTRATION FOR ROBOT MOTION PLANNING

机译:机器人运动规划中人演示的学习约束非线性动力学

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In this paper, we present an algorithm to learn the dynamics of human arm motion from the data collected from human actions. Learning the motion plans from human demonstrations is essential in making robot programming possible by nonexpert programmers as well as realizing human-robot collaboration. The highly complex human reaching motion is generated by a stable closed-loop dynamical system. To capture the complexity a neural network (NN) is used to represent the dynamics of the human motion states. The trajectories of arm generated by humans for reaching to a place are contracting towards the goal location from various initial conditions with built in obstacle avoidance. To take into consideration the contracting nature of the human motion dynamics the unknown motion model is learned using a NN subject to contraction analysis constraints. To learn the NN parameters an optimization problem is formulated by relaxing the non-convex contraction constraints to Linear matrix inequality (LMI) constraints. Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) is used to solve the optimization problem subject to the LMI constraints. For obstacle avoidance a negative gradient of the repulsive potential function is added to the learned contracting NN model. Experiments are conducted on Baxter robot platform to show that the robot can generate reaching paths from the contracting NN dynamics learned from human demonstrated data recorded using Microsoft Kinect sensor. The algorithm is able to adapt to situations for which the demonstrations are not available, e.g., an obstacle placed in the path.
机译:在本文中,我们提出了一种从人体动作数据中学习人体手臂运动动力学的算法。从人类演示中学习运动计划对于使非专业程序员可以进行机器人编程以及实现人机协作至关重要。高度复杂的人类伸手运动是由稳定的闭环动力学系统产生的。为了捕获复杂性,使用神经网络(NN)来表示人类运动状态的动力学。人类产生的手臂到达某个位置的轨迹正在从各种初始条件向内置目标的收缩而向目标位置收缩。为了考虑人体运动动力学的收缩特性,使用受收缩分析约束的神经网络来学习未知运动模型。为了学习神经网络参数,通过将非凸收缩约束放宽到线性矩阵不等式(LMI)约束来提出优化问题。顺序二次规划(SQP)用于解决受LMI约束的优化问题。为了避免障碍,将排斥势函数的负梯度添加到学习的收缩NN模型中。在Baxter机器人平台上进行的实验表明,该机器人可以从通过使用Microsoft Kinect传感器记录的人类演示数据中学到的收缩NN动力学生成到达路径。该算法能够适应无法进行演示的情况,例如路径上放置的障碍物。

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