Ship Emissions Inventory and Social Cost in Shanghai Yangshan Port

摘要

This study estimated the in-port ship emissions inventory (CO_2, CH_4, N_2O, PM_(10), PM_(2.5),NO_X, SO_X, CO, and HC) and the associated social cost in Shanghai’s Yangshan port. Aactivity-based methodology, supported by the ship-by-ship and real-time data from the modernautomatic identification system (AIS), was introduced to obtain accurate estimates of shipemissions. The detailed spatial and temporal emission inventories can be used as input for airquality dispersion modeling in the port and vicinities. The social cost of the emission impact onthe Yangshan port coastal regions was then assessed based on the emissions inventories. Finally,the ship emissions was combined with port’s basic operation profiles, i.e. container throughput,ship calls, and port revenue, in an attempt to assess the port’s “eco-efficiency”, which indicatesthe port performance with social-economic and environmental concerns. This study filled the gapof previous studies by providing the AIS-supported activity-based emission inventory to facilitatethe social cost-benefit analysis for the emission abatement policies. The study shows that ⅰ) theamount of in-port ship emissions of CO_2, CH_4, N_2O, PM_(10), PM_(2.5), NO_X, SO_X, CO, and HC inYangshan port area was 578,444 tons, 10 tons, 33 tons, 1,078 tons, 859 tons, 10,758 tons, 5,623tons, 1,136 tons, and 519 tons, respectively, with ⅱ) a total social cost of $226.4 million; ⅲ) thevalues of the three parameters of the port eco-efficiency performance were $28,843 per 1,000TEUthroughput, $34,738 per ship call, and $35 million per billion US$ port revenue (3.5% of portrevenue) in 2009.