Progress towards full sanitation coverage in urban areas is slow, with one of the big challenges in EastAfrica and many other areas being reaching the large proportion who live in informal settlements. Theunique characteristics of informal settlements impose varying challenges in installing adequatesanitation facilities. A comparative case study using mixed methods conducted in three East African citiesrevealed varied perceptions of the residents on barriers hindering the process of toilet installation. Lackof money, topography, lack of space, siting on marginal land, difficult to access sanitation material andservices and lack of information were perceived as barriers by residents, but differed between cities.There are different examples of successful strategies to tackle the barriers to sanitation in each city andthese offer some opportunities for each of the study cities, as well as other cities with similar challenges,to learn how the same challenges are tackled elsewhere.
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