Kinetics in vitro versus in vivo in the context of quantitative in vitro in vivo extrapolation (QIVIVE)

摘要

A thorough understanding of toxicokinetic processes goes a long way to explaining the variation in toxicity between chemicals, species and population groups. By using physiologically based biokinetic models (PBBK), quantitative in vitro-in vivo (dose) extrapolations (QIVIVE) take these processes into account, extrapolating an in vitro effect concentration to a human relevant toxic dose. Kinetic processes in in vitro cell-based assays has received less attention, but may also be essential for QIVIVE as the amount of a chemical reaching the cell in an in vitro assay may be different between cell assays and between in vitro and in vivo systems, even if the nominal or total concentration in exposure medium is the same.