In this paper, we propose angle of arrival estimation algorithms for arbitrary array geometries. The proposed methods extend the root-WSF [1] and Modified Variable Projection (MVP) [2] algorithms to arbitrary array configurations. This is accomplished by employing the recently introduced Manifold Separation Technique (MST) [3], which stems from wavefield modelling [4]. The algorithms process the data in the element-space domain, i.e. no mapping of the data that introduces errors is required. Moreover, coherent sources can be handled. The proposed MST-based MVP algorithm shows a statistical performance close to the Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) [5, 6]. The performance is illustrated using calibration data from two real-world arrays.
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