Multilayer architectures of enzymes on electrodes for sensorial application -influence of the building blocks on the assembly behaviour

摘要

Proteins can be advantageously combined with electrodes in such a way that direct electron transfer becomes possible. This can be applied for sensorial use of these protein electrodes. One approach to increase the sensitivity can be seen in the arrangement of multiple protein layers on the sensing surface. In this case, however, electrochemical communication has to be ensured. It can be shown that the small redox protein cytochrome c can be assembled in layers on modified gold electrodes resulting in fully electro-active systems. Different second building blocks can be used for the layer-by-layer assembly process. Besides natural and artificial polymers this can also be nanoparticles. These layered systems can be combined with enzymes leading to protein electrodes sensitive for the respective substrate. For the communication between the immobilised protein molecules not only shuttle molecules can be applied, but conditions can be found that direct electron exchange becomes feasible.