Impacts of battery electric vehicles on the central European power system in 2030

摘要

Several European countries have launched programs to increase the penetration of battery electric vehicles. In this work, a novel electric vehicle charging model is used in a high spatial and temporal resolution optimal power flow simulation framework to assess the impacts of increased penetration of electric vehicles on the central European power system. In 2030, electric vehicles are found to have only a moderate impact on reducing the curtailment of wind and solar power. The energy to charge the electric vehicles comes mainly from conventional power plants (coal and gas), whereas solar and wind power plants each provide only 4%. Consequently, the increased penetration of electric vehicles is found to result in an increase in CO2 emissions of up to 25% compared to the same number of gasoline vehicles.