A FIRE RISK MAP FOR PROTECTED AREAS OF MONGOLIA: TUJIIN NARS NP, KHAN KHENTII SPA AND BOGD KHAN SPA

摘要

Wildfire is a cause of major disturbance to ecosystems and economies throughout the world. Hence, the wildfire is a vital issue of environment for creating natural disaster and socio-economic damage to affect in ecosystem and human lives. Moreover, the forest and steppe fire are one of natural risks in issues of Mongolian protected areas, its management. This paper attempted to identify a spatial distribution of both risk and damage cost of the wildfire some protected areas, Tujiin Nars NP, Khan Khentii SPA and Bogd Khan SPA of Mongolia. Therefore, we were used Landsat TM data from 1995 to 2018 which is obtained from the USGS Global Visualization Viewer (GloVis). In addition, the variables are to affect in the wildfire such as a biophysical parameter, field and statistical yearbook were integrated by climatic data to apply all into GIS application. These analyses are applied to the approach of decision-making support system, particularly as Spatial Multi-Criteria Analysis (SMCA). Consequently, wildfire risk map was created by five categories: very high, high, moderate, low and non-risk for particular the protected areas, it will be baseline data for protected areas managements, particularly, fire prevention plans and activities. As results showed that a percentage of the study area was predicted by wildfire risk in the natural protected area for above each category as follows. About more than 70% of the study area identified risky and very high risk. Moreover, these results demonstrated that a spatial distribution map of wildfire risk was predicted well including five categories for the study period. The integration of these factors in GIS could be useful to identify risk area and to make the strategy and prevention of wildfire hazard for the stakeholder, government and local of decision makers. Furthermore, it could be helped to improve the management of protected areas, including a forest, ecological and biodiversity conservation activities.