Study of Urban Environment-Oriented Congestion Pricing Scheme in Beijing

摘要

The main purpose of this paper is to simulate the effects of congestion pricing in traffic peak hours in order to find an optimized charging scheme. A two-level programming model is developed to illustrate the gaming process between the road supervisor/decision-maker and road users. The upper linear level describes the aim of decision-makers of reducing the travel time for the travelers and controlling the traffic emissions. The lower level describes the reaction of travelers, including choosing the trip modes and travel route. Finally, a solution of the two-level programming model based on the particle swarm optimization is designed in C # programming. In the case study of Beijing city, it is estimated that the implementation of congestion-charging would reduce traffic emissions in the charged area by 13%, and the total travel time would decrease by 5%.