Individual error, group error, and the value of information

摘要

Reasoning about rationality and knowledge plays a role in manydisciplines, including Artificial Intelligence, Cryptography,Distributed Computing, Economics and Game Theory, Linguistics,Logic, Philosophy, and Psychology. The biannual Conference onTheoretical Aspects of Rationality and Knowledge (TARK) serves asan interdisciplinary forum where researchers from these fields cometogether to advance our understanding of topics including semanticmodels for knowledge, for belief, and for uncertainty, boundedrationality and resource-bounded reasoning, commonsense epistemicreasoning, epistemic logic, logics of knowledge and action, formalanalysis of games, applications of reasoning about knowledge andother mental states, belief revision, and the role of knowledge ingeneral information flow.>TARK 2005, the tenth meeting in the TARK series , is being heldin Singapore, 10-12 June 2005 at the Institute for MathematicalSciences of the National University of Singapore. These, itsproceedings, reflect the richness of the ongoing interactionsbetween the disciplines. Some of the papers deal with semanticmodels and logics for issues that are of interest in several of thedisciplines. Others illustrate that the flow of ideas proceeds inmany directions: the reader will find here examples of theapplication of game theoretic ideas to computational systemsdesign, the introduction of computational concerns to economicmechanism design, the use of epistemic logics for the analysis ofdistributed algorithms and computer security protocols, and theempirical evaluation by researchers in computer science of theapplication to marketing of models of belief revision originatingin philosophy!>Selection of such a diverse program requires a broad range ofexpertise. Members of the TARK X program committee and thedisciplines they represented are: Pierpaolo Battigalli, BocconiUniversity (Economics), Larry Blume, Cornell University(Economics), Adam Brandenburger, New York University (Economics),Valentin Goranko, Rand Afrikaans University (Mathematics), VincentHendricks, Roskilde University (Philosophy), John Horty, Universityof Maryland (Philosophy), Gerhard Lakemeyer, Aachen University ofTechnology (Computer Science), Bart Lipman, Boston University(Economics), David Makinson, Kings College London (Philosophy), Ronvan der Meyden (Program Chair), UNSW & NICTA (ComputerScience), Yoram Moses, The Technion (Computer Science), RamaswamyRamanujam, Institute for Math Sciences, Chennai (Computer Science),Robert van Rooy, University of Amsterdam (Linguistics), TuomasSandholm, Carnegie Mellon University (Computer Science), andWolfgang Spohn, University of Konstanz (Philosophy). For evidenceof the interdisciplinary interactions between researcherscontributing to the TARK series, we need only observe that forseveral members of the program committee, the area they representdiffers from their departmental affiliation!>Each contributed paper was evaluated by at least four members ofthe program committee, who faced the difficult task ofselecting 18papers from 55 submissions. Many good papers could of necessity notbe selected. Although the submissions were read carefully by theprogram committee, assisted by anonymous referees, it is expectedthat revised and extended versions of these papers will appear injournal versions in the future.>In addition to the contributed papers, TARK X is fortunate toinclude presentations by four outstanding invited speakers: SergiuHart, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Tom Henzinger, EcolePolytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Isaac Levi, ColumbiaUniversity, New York, and Rohit Parikh, City University of NewYork, New York. Additionally, David Parkes of Harvard University ispresenting a tutorial on computational mechanism design.>TARK X is occurring as part of an 8-week program "Uncertaintyand Information in Economics", organized by the Institute forMathematical Sciences (IMS), National University of Singapore inthe period of 9 May - 3 July 2005. TARK X takes place inconjunction with a workshop in the program, which is to be held on6-10 June 2005.