Based-on the theoretical considerations and empirical results presented, the following conclusions are drawn.1. To be successful, loudness and energy-based psychophysical models have to be reinterpreted into a field framework focusing on noise immissions.2. Perceptual as well as psychophysical models may be used to represent either pure mathematical constructs or perceptual-cognitive mechanisms. The modeling of perceptual-cognitive processes will come closer to real situations of perceiving individuals.3. Noise from different sources matters because they are not equally effective in partially masking each other, they are not equally powerful in being discerned in sound environments when the source is absent, and they interact less when heard within a noise combination compared to when heard alone.4. Degree of overlap among sounds and the appearance in time patterns calls for new models to replace present models based on overlapping sounds.
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