Reverse logistics is a systematic process that manages the flow of products/parts both upstream and downstream by extending a product's traditional life cycle. The conceptual framework consists of strategic and operational factors. From a customer, economic, technical, and capacity standpoint, this framework allows for the determination of the viability of returned products/parts. The strategic and operational factors are thoroughly explained and analyzed and their sequence of consideration are presented in the conceptual framework. Then, the conceptual framework is evaluated in practice by applying it to an in-depth analysis of two case studies. The results generally corroborate the validity and effectiveness of the conceptual framework. Two possible underlying reasons for the areas of discrepancy from theory to practice are presented. Further assessment of the results include future research directions for effective implementation of reverse logistics.
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