This paper reviews progress of one advanced energy storage project launched in Austin, Texas, USA, in 1980 and now entering its commercial phase. Based on the 136 year old Pb-acid battery electrochemistry and a globally deployed recycling capability, the project challenged every traditional design and manufacturing premise in its pursuit of increased performance from this venerable technology. The Horizon/sup (R)/ valve-regulated Pb-acid battery is the only Pb-acid battery classified as an "advanced battery". The paper summarizes the principal technical and design breakthroughs underlying successful development of Horizon/sup (R)/, which today is the most affordable, highest performing rechargeable battery in commercial production.
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