Safe handling of ships and human factor

摘要

The paper discusses ways to assure safe handling of ships.Manoeuvring standards are considered in this context.Bearing in mind that the majority of CRG casualties (collisions,rammings and groundings) are caused by human error,the stress is put on causes of human failure.Ways to improve operator skill are discussed and in particularly training using physical simulators using large manned models are appraised.