Abstract: The spatial correlation algorithm (SCA) corrects for severe array phase distortion without requiring finding a source of opportunity within the target area for possible phase conjugation. The algorithm predicts and corrects aperture distortion using the spatial correlation properties of range-resolved target or backscatter returns.Also, target rotation may be exploited. The SCA is capable of correcting arbitrarily large phase errors that can be totally independent from one array element to another. We extended the algorithm to 2D optical array geometries. The resulting weighted lease squares 2D SCA is optimal. Combined with a new phase-unwrapping technique, the solution is direct, in the sense that it works all differential phase measurements simultaneously. Results of an extensive statistical analysis characterizing the gain of the mainlobe of the resulting point spread function are also presented. !16
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