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From insanely jealous to insanely delicious: Computational models for the semantic bleaching of English intensifiers

机译:从疯狂的嫉妒到疯狂的美味:英语增强器语义漂白的计算模型

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We introduce novel computational models for modeling semantic bleaching, a widespread category of change in which words become more abstract or lose elements of meaning, like the development of arrive from its earlier meaning 'become at shore.' We validate our methods on a widespread case of bleaching in English: de-adjectival adverbs that originate as manner adverbs (as in awfully behaved) and later become intensifying adverbs (as in awfully nice). Our methods formally quantify three reflexes of bleaching: decreasing similarity to the source meaning (e.g., awful), increasing similarity to a fully bleached prototype (e.g., very), and increasing productivity (e.g., the breadth of adjectives that an adverb modifies). We also test a new causal model and find evidence that bleaching is initially triggered in contexts such as conspicuously evident and insanely jealous, where an adverb premodifies a semantically similar adjective. These contexts provide a form of 'bridging context' (Evans and Wilkins. 2000) that allow a manner adverb to be reinterpreted as an intensifying adverb similar to very.
机译:我们引入了新颖的计算模型来建模语义漂白,这是一类广泛的变化,其中单词变得更加抽象或失去了含义元素,例如从其早期含义“到岸”发展而来。我们在英语泛滥的情况下验证了我们的方法:去形容词副词起源于方式副词(表现得很糟糕),后来又成为强化副词(表现得很不错)。我们的方法正式量化了漂白的三个反射:降低与来源含义的相似度(例如,糟糕),增加与完全漂白的原型的相似度(例如,非常)以及提高生产率(例如,副词修饰的形容词的宽度)。我们还测试了一个新的因果模型,并发现证据表明漂白是在明显明显和疯狂嫉妒的情况下最初触发的,其中副词预先修饰了语义相似的形容词。这些语境提供了一种“桥接语境”(Evans and Wilkins。2000),可以将方式副词重新解释为与非常相似的强化副词。

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