Research of Processes of Education and Decomposition of Dioxine When Burning Waste by Traditional Fire Methods and in Low-Temperature Plasma

摘要

One of the most widespread ways of utilization of the municipal solid waste (MSW) is burning. When burning waste traditional methods form toxins in the form of dioxine, furan. Dioxine is the ekotoksikant possessing mutagen, immunodepressantny, cancerogenic action. Dioxine and furana are badly dissolved in water, are steady against high temperatures, long remain in the environment, are easily transported on food chains and slowly removed from organisms of living beings. Plasma processing is the most effective and environmentally friendly in comparison with other ways of burning of waste as the number of the emissions getting to the atmosphere decreases in tens of times. The offered technology is based on use of arc plasma (the plasma reactor and a plasmatron). The developed installation for combustion of MSW consists of two steps: The I step - melting and burning of waste (plastic, polymeric and organic materials, etc.); The II step - reburning of toxic gas emissions. At the same time harmful emissions in the atmosphere are excluded. Full decomposition of dioxine happens at temperatures above 1200°C, at smaller temperatures their repeated education is observed. In article the problem of formation of dioxine when burning waste is considered by traditional fire methods, and in low-temperature plasma. The plasma technology allows to get rid completely of dioxine thanks to high temperatures in the reactor of 1200-1600°C, and also at the second step at temperatures from 1600 to 2000 of OC. In article results of researches on decomposition of dioxine are given in low-temperature plasma on simple substances.