A Survey on 5G Standards, Specifications and Massive MIMO Testbed Including Transceiver Design Models Using QAM Modulation Schemes

摘要

Massive MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output)is the advanced technology in 5G architecture which improves mobile and data wireless system parameters in multiple folds. The basic idea of this technology is to include huge number of antennas in the base stations serving limited user equipment. This will enhance the parameters like spectral efficiency, data rate, wireless devices connectivity, energy or power efficiency and also, significant reduction in interference and error rates. The Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)consortium, International Mobile Telecommunication (IMT)and various partner telecom companies are on the way to develop unified architecture to meet the proposed 5G standards by the year 2020. Initial test beds and field-trials are already in process at various universities and telecom companies considering Long Term Evolution (LTE)releases features in the 5G architecture framework. However, the research is still an open issue on improving the parameters. This research paper provides a detailed overview on 5G standards, specifications and Field trials and test beds implemented by various universities and telecom industry utilizing Massive MIMO technology. This literature survey paper aims to enlighten the researchers working in the area of Massive MIMO to understand the test bed and field trials designs existing till date. This paper also motivates to complete experiments on Bit error rate (BER)estimation in various modulation schemes for single transmitter-receiver as well as in MIMO configuration. The reduction in BER is observed when MIMO models are used for transceiver design. The hardware utilization and simulation work of the field trials and testbed provide different existing techniques to develop a transceiver system which meets 5G standard.