Sludge Elimination System Using a Group of Treatment Facilities of a Large Industrial Unit

摘要

Many liquid industrial waste storage facilities exist in large urban agglomerations. Their structure and composition are estimated by a significant number of parameters. The types of parameters depend on the source of waste formation, the chemical formula compounds, as well as on the form of bonds in heterogeneous systems “liquid - solid phase”. Centralized wastewater treatment facilities are used for the disposal of storage devices. A number of treatment facilities were built in the 70's - 80's in the Samara region. Industrial objects are combined into groups on departmental, functional, and technological accessories. There are twelve ponds of heterophase waste and four groups of treatment facilities potentially suitable for the treatment of water layer of objects only within the boundaries of Novokuibyshevskaya industrial zone, on a relatively small floodplain-slope section of the river Tatianka, an area of about 20 square kilometers. The choice of operation, equipment, and optimization way in the system “storage - treatment facilities”, as well as the facilities adaptation to the disposal conditions are associated with the resource and logistics tasks solution. The problem solution is impossible without determining of a group of major parameters able to control. A criterion assessment was proposed for the following groups of characteristics: resource-hydraulic, chemical, transport, and logistics. The proposed system of parameters makes possible to optimize the system by controlling the input and output values for each criterion. Resource-hydraulic evaluation involves control and management of speed and pumping capacity of liquid waste parameters, as well as the oil sludge disposal time. The process duration is limited by the period of activity of treatment facilities between renovations. The chemical assessment criterion involves the variable chemical composition and water balance of the neutralized oil sludge or water-emulsion layer. The parameter can vary greatly under the influence of atmospheric precipitation, hydrogeological conditions of the territory. It depends on the pumping intensity of liquid masses to the treatment facilities. Transport characteristics are related to the type of waste delivery to treatment facilities: pipeline or transportation using special equipment. The second way is characterized by the presence or absence of a developed transport network, as well as places of crossing with such objects as railways, highways etc. Each of these criteria is assessed at the optimization of wastes liquidation process. It makes possible to rank them according to importance, and to highlight the limiting stages and control system “ponds - oil sludge - treatment plant” at every stage of the process.