A Novel Distance-Connectivity based Bus-Ranking Framework Supplemented by GA for Cost Optimized PMU Placement

摘要

Fast and reliable state estimation and monitoring of power networks is critical to its health. Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) is gradually replacing the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System (SCADA) as the favoured mode of power system network signal acquisition due to its Global Positioning System (GPS) based time synchronized measurement capabilities. However PMU installation requires significant budget. The budget's two dominant components are cost of PMU and cost of communication infrastructure set-up. Fortunately, placement of PMU at every bus location of a network can be avoided by utilizing the inter bus connectivity. In this work, a novel optimal PMU placement (OPP) algorithm is proposed. In the first step, the algorithm ranks the buses according to a novel distance-connectivity metric. In the following stage Genetic algorithm (GA) is employed to heuristically search for OPP locations while minimizing total cost in a search space whose dimension is governed by the ranked order obtained in the first step. The performance of the proposed algorithm is validated for IEEE 30-bus and 57-bus power networks under normal and single PMU contingency conditions. Further the performance of the proposed algorithm is compared with existing state-of-art algorithms and is found to be satisfactory.