Modular Low-Cost Hardware-in-the-Loop Battery System Simulator Part 1: System

摘要

The expectations on the battery management systems rise due to the high expectations on the control and the diagnostics of battery systems in stationary systems as well as in automotive applications. Testing of such a full-fledged battery management system consisting of battery state monitoring, estimation and prediction, charge control and balancing is a lot of work in a hardware environment. A Hardware-in-Loop system solves that problem, since you are capable of testing battery management systems with real measurement hardware and battery cell simulators in a predefined environment.The here presented and developed system has a comparable performance to commercial Hardware-in-the-Loop simulators, which features a 0.5-5V voltage range per cell, a 24bit ADC resolution, 1kHz sampling rate and a current of 1 A. Due to its modularity, it is usable for one and up to 80 cells connected in a pack, whether they are connected in parallel or series is not relevant. The Hardware-in-the-Loop system connects to a PC using an USB interface, where the control program for the BMS and the emulator runs in MATLAB. This communication to a PC running MATLAB is the bottleneck of this system that leads to the aforementioned sample rate. However, by doing so there is the possibility of changing the models, which control the Hardware-in-the-Loop system, easily. That means the model could be a simple equivalent circuit model to represent the dynamic electric behaviour, where an ageing model and thermal model could be added. Each part could be exchanged by a more sophisticated or n ew developed model. Therefore, you are even able to use an electrochemical model, when you are able to implement it in a very efficient way. That leads to a highly customizable system, which has the ability to simulate time triggered cell failures as well. Considering the performance and the interchangeable model the system is a good tool to test new battery management systems and their algorithms in a development and especially in a research environment.