STUDIES ON THE MUTAGENICITY AND TUMOR INDUCING POTENCY OF ARTIFICIAL FRAGRANCES

摘要

5 Nitro musks and 6 polycyclic musks were studied for genotoxicity using Salmonella assay (S.typhimurium TA97, TA98, TA100, TA102), sister chromatid exchange (human lymphocytes), in vitro (human lymphocytes, human HepG2 cells) and in vivo micronucleus test (polychromatic erythrocytes in CD1 mouse bone marrow), single cell gel electrophoresis (HepG2 cells), cogenotoxicity assays with CD1 mice, Sprague Dawley (SD) rats and HepG2 cells, cytochrome P450 ELISA (CYP1A, 2B, 3A, 4A) and mouse skin I/P protocol for tumor promoting and co-initiating effects. Except musk ambrette none of the nitro musks exhibited direct mutagenicity. As the most important result we identified co-mutagenic and co-initiating effects of musk ketone in combination with benzo[a]pyrene (Bap) in SD rats (ex vivo), 7,12-DMBA in CD1 mice (in vivo), and Bap in HepG2 cells (in vitro) indicating that the combination of MK and polycyclic aromates (PAH) could cause a genetic risk. Polycyclic musks exhibited no genotoxic effects.