Increased performance by applied tribology in internal combustion engines

摘要

This paper reviews and illustrates how knowledge in tribology can be used to solve problems and gain efficiency in mechanical systems. Tribology research, as we know it today, is a modern approach for solving contact problems between moving surfaces. Although the science is new, tribology affects every part of daily life, and the economic gains already attained from research are considerable. Approaching the current trends in tribology research, this review has identified five major research topics: Modelling and simulation, Thin lubricant films, Energy efficient technologies, Scientifically designed surfaces and Smart systems. As a good example, the internal combustion engine illustrates how minor modifications of a system can result in significant environmental as well as economic gains by applying tribological knowledge. The different sources that mainly contribute to the frictional losses of an internal combustion engine are identified as (in decreasing order); Piston rings and cylinder bore, Plain bearing and shaft and Cam and follower. Current research trends in these areas are presented. It has been shown that friction and wear are, in some degree, possible to predict, understand and control by means of extensive computer modelling. This development is promoted by the continuous increase of computer strength. However, the gains will be more significant when tribological knowledge has penetrated and influenced the design stage of mechanical systems. This paper is intended to assist this process by illuminating some common tribological problems and the benefits obtained by solving them.