Comparison of 850-nm and 1550-nm VCSELs for low-cost short-reach IM/DD and OFDM SMF/MMF links

摘要

Looking forward, various advanced modulation formats are considered in order to serve high data rates, compared to conventional intensity modulation/direct detection (IM/DD) [1] in rack-to-rack interconnects for PetaFlop systems, where active optical cables incorporating vertical-cavity surface-emitting (VCSELs), and multimode fibers (MMFs) are used [2]. Towards this direction, optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is proposed to increase the capacity of optical interconnects in HPC systems [3] and data centers [4].