TOTAL EQUIVALENT WARMING IMPACT ANALYSIS OF HFO BLENDS AND CO_2 IN REFRIGERATION APPLICATIONS

摘要

The search for replacements for HCFC and HFC based refrigerants such as R-22 and R-404A, beingrnphased out globally due to stratospheric ozone depletion potential and global warming issues, has ledrnto the development of low GWP HFOs and HFO blend alternatives. While refrigerant GWP is anrnimportant criteria in making system and refrigerant decisions, the total equivalent warming impactrn(TEWI) of a system provides a more accurate representation of the overall environmental impact.rnTEWI considers not only the direct emissions of a refrigerant thru leakage, but also factors in thernindirect carbon emissions due to electricity generation. This paper will report system modeling TEWIrndata comparing new HFO blends in centralized direct expansion racks, distributed direct expansionrnracks, refrigeration cascades, and secondary loop systems to traditional refrigerants as well as CO2rntranscritical booster systems. This study will also analyze the total cost of ownership as well as howrndifferent climate zones and energy emission factors impact refrigeration systems carbon emissionsrnaround the globe.