The sugar yield from cellulose can be significantly improved by two-step hydrolysis. Compared to the other methods, malefic acid pretreatment resulted in higher sugar yields and minimal byproduct formations by hydrolysis. Furthermore, combination of acid and enzymatic hydrolysis was considered for obtaining a high sugar yield with minimal enzyme loading. A process involving hydrothermal pretreatment,dilute-acid hydrolysis, and enzymatic hydrolysis using only 5 FPU/g cellulase resulted in total sugar yield of 95.0% (based on holocellulose).
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